Did you actually clone the whole drive if you clone all the partitions it should work on unless it needs special drivers if you miss copying any partition like system it won't work
Yo are likely to have c: a uefi and system partitions you need all of them for it to work a lot of drive makers supply a clone tool special designed for doing the job
When you cloned the partitions? did you get the order and everything right?
Try to clone just your OS partition and see if it runs.
There is a free tool named EaseUS Todo Backup, you can try it.