I have a few suggestions but not 100 % sure... Looks like your issue is on the exchange settings side?
Have you removed office 2010 properly ?
Are you sure you have setup Exchange correctly? Manually configure Outlook 2013 for email hosted on Exchange 2013 | Knowledge Center | Rackspace Hosting
You are on windows 8 right?
Is it just you that is having this issue?
Are you sure there is no network connection issue? Are you connecting via Ethernet or WIFI?
Are you connecting via a home network or corporate?
Have you checked your firewall or have you verified settings with your network admin?
If you are on corporate it could be an access issue as well, maybe you need to do admin request for install or rights etc