As far as I know there is no way to enable
SMB Share on Android without downloading some software to the phone, There are quite a few file managers that have the option to enable file sharing with almost any OS.
The way I do it on my phone is with a program called
AirDroid there is a free and paid version, I use the free version and as far as I know it is not capable of SMB share, you connect to it from a web browser.
There are other option's, you could run a FTP,HTTP server but I'm not sure if it would work since Android is based on Linux and with Linux any port below 1024 requires root.
Now that I think about it SMB requires ports below 1024
(port 445), so any solution you come up with will require that you can change the default port to something like 8080 which is a default port for many Linux OS's to start a service without root.