Cannot re-associate my Microsoft account

I have a weird problem.

When I installed Win8, I logged in with my Microsoft account. But after that, I logged out and switched back to standard windows account.

But now I cannot use Xbox, calendar and other metro apps. So I wanted to to re-login, but I cannot. After entering my email, it will stay at "Please Wait" screen for a about 10 minutes and then error out (sometimes it will tell that I am not connected to the interenet, but sometimes it will throw error code). Googling for error code yields no results (at least I was not able to find anything useful). I am of course connected to the internet. Disabling firewall (ESET Smart Security) does not help.

Any idea what could I do besides re-installing whole OS again?

(I cannot reproduce error code for screenshot right now for some reason, but based on my browser's history, error code was "800c000b")

I was having the same issue, I simply restarted my router and pc and it worked.

I have restarted my laptop numerous times and also tried on different wifi networks, so I don't think router is the problem.