I managed to fix the problem. I downloaded Malwarebytes and ran a full scan on my C drive, which found the "svhost.exe" located in my temp files, and it nuked it. Rebooted the computer to have it fully delete it, and the Russian message has disappeared, along with my CPU's performance...
I've run a full scan through Windows Defender of my computer's hard drive, and both of my external hard drives, and have been met with zero results. Should I look into another spyware program to try and root out the problem?
I'm not sure what I installed for this to happen, but every time I turn my Windows 8, Sony Vaio laptop on, I get a dialog box that pops up in Russian. Using Google Goggles on my Android smartphone, I was able to roughly translate it to "A mistake some files were not created. Close all programs...