As requested, I shut off all of the features within the screenshot you provided. Ten minutes later, this happened.
I also should mention that I tried installing the latest Service Pack for Office. I also tried to use the basic theme option with Outlook, just to see if that was the problem...
I'm sorry if this has been posted before, but I've been peeling through forums looking for an answer to this. I'm not sure if I'm supposed to call this screen clipping, overlaying, or how I really should describe it. All I know is that ever since I've moved to Windows 8.1 this problem has been...